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Abstract
The independence of students is a goal that is always wanted by every PAUD institution. Many factors influence it, including parenting, instilling character education by teachers, and applying discipline by institutions. This study proposes to uncover the relationship between parenting patterns, the cultivation of character education by teachers, and the application of discipline in institutions with students' independence in PAUD Al-Hidayah Banjarbaru. The method used is the analytic, quantitative, and verification description. The research instrument used is observation and questionnaire. The research sample is 35 parents of students and 15 PAUD Al-Hidayah teachers as respondents. The study results showed a significant relationship between parenting patterns and children's independence, as evidenced by the number of sig value of 0.003 <0.05. There is a significant relationship between the inculcation of character education by teachers with children's independence, as evidenced by the sig value of 0.001 <0.05. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation linking the application of institutional discipline with children's independence, as evidenced by the sig value of 0.041 <0.55. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between parenting style and character education by teachers and the application of discipline by institutions with children's independence, as evidenced by a sig value of 0.024 <0.05.
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How to Cite
Masnun, Wahdini, E., & Rachman, A. (2020). Relationship between Parenting and Cultivation of Character Education by Teachers and the Application of Discipline by Institutions with the Independence of Early Childhood in PAUD Al-Hidayah, Banjarbaru City. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 3(3), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.03.03.09
References
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Amaluddin, Das, S. W. H., & Nasir, S. (2018). Character Education Early Childhood: Brain-Based Teaching Approach. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(18), 1229-1245.
Amollo, O. P., & Lilian, G. K. (2017). Teacher Position in Spurring Value-Based Education in Early Learning in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Support of Values in School Environment. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(3), 194-203. doi:10.5539/jel.v6n3p194
Baumrind, D. (1997). The discipline encounter: Contemporary issues. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2(4), 321–335. doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(97)00018-9
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V., & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 542–559. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002
Becker, E. S., Goetz, T., Morger, V., & Ranellucci, J. (2014). The importance of teachers’ emotions and instructional behavior for their students’ emotions – An experience sampling analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 15–26.
Borg, W., & Gall, M. (1983). Educational research: an introduction. 4th Edition. New York: Longman Inc.
Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(2), 140–165. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.11.001
Cahyaningrum, S. P. (2017). Pengembangan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melaui Pembiasaan dan keteladanan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 203-213.
Charmila, W. E. (2019). The Effect of Parents of The Parents and The Position of Children With Family Strengths on Self-Assistance of TK Children in The Group of Bangkari Kelompok B Palangka Raya. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(1), 1-7.
Ching, G. S. (2012). Looking into the issues of rewards and punishment in students. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 1(2), 29-38. doi:10.5861/ijrsp.2012.v1i2.44
Daries, J., Engdahl, I., & Otieno, L. (2009). Early Childhood Education for sustainability: Recommendations for development. International Journal of Early Childhood, 41(2), 113-117. doi:10.1007/BF03168882
De Valk, H., & Crul, M. (2008). Education. In C. M. (Eds.), The Position of the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: The TIES Study in the Netherlands (pp. 63-86). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Febriana, H. D. (2018). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di TPS Mutiara Hati di Desa Tegalarum Kecamatan Sempu Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 2(1), 26-28.
Firmin, M. W., & Castle, S. L. (2008). Early Childhood Discipline: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 17(1), 107–129. doi:10.1080/10656210801909715
Grusec, J. E., Danyliuk, T., Kil, H., & O’Neill, D. (2017). Perspectives on parent discipline and child outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(4), 465–471. doi:10.1177/0165025416681538
Hamid, D. (2013). Educational and Social Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Hasan, M. (2011). Early Childhood Education Programs. Jogjakarta: DIVA Press.
Hawley, P. H., & John Geldhof, G. (2012). Preschoolers’ social dominance, moral cognition, and moral behavior: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112(1), 18–35. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2011.10.004
Hazizah, N. (2018). The Importance of Playing for Developing Intelligence in Early Childhood. International Conference on Early Childhood Education (ICECE 2017), 169, 213-215.
Hsu, M.-H., Ju, T. L., Yen, C.-H., & Chang, C.-M. (2007). Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: The relationship between trust, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(2), 153-169. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.09.003
Hurlock, E. (1999). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Alih bahasa: Istiwidayati & Soedjarwo. Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Kiprop, C. J. (2012). Approaches to Management of discipline in secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Management, 2(2), 120-139.
Kostelnik, & et.al. (1999). Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum. Ohio: Merril an imprint of Prentice Hall.
Kulshrestha, A., & Pandey, K. (2013). Teachers Training and Professional Competencies. Voice of Research, 1(4), 29-33.
Kusumandari, B. R. (2013). Character education model for early childhood based on-learning and culture of Java. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 20-28.
Lemmer, E. M. (2007). Parent involvement in teacher education in South Africa. International Journal about Parents in Education, 1(0), 218-229.
Lizhu, Y., & Xiaoyan, Z. (2005). A study of the cross‐situational stability of three‐ to five‐year‐old children’s independence. International Journal of Early Years Education, 13(2), 171–178. doi:10.1080/09669760500171238
Machfiroh, D. S. (2019). Pembentukan karakter disiplin anak usia dini melalui metode pembiasaan di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 33 Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 54-67.
Mansur. (2009). Early childhood education in islam. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
Martin, L., Sontag-Padilla, L., Cannon, J., Chandra, A., Auger, A., Kase, C., et al. (2014). Social and emotional development in the home. In off to a good start: social and emotional development of memphis’ children (pp. 25-32). Santa Monica, Calif: RAND Corporation.
Masnipal. (2012). Ready to become a teacher and profesional PAUD management. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Millei, Z. (2011). Thinking differently about guidance: Power, children’s autonomy and democratic environments. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 10(1), 88–99. doi:10.1177/1476718x11406243
Novitawati, W. A. (2017). Developing Early Childhood Ability in Understanding Rules Using Combination of Role-Playing Model and Question-Answer Method Through Medium Of Traffic. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 1(1), 11-18.
Octarra, H. S., & Hendriati, A. (2017). Old, borrowed, and renewed”: A review of early childhood education policy in post-Reform Indonesia. Policy Futures in Education, 16(1), 80-91. doi:10.1177/1478210317736207
Pala, A. (2011). The Need for Character Education. International Journal of Social Sciences And Humanity Studies, 3(2), 23-32.
Palupi, S. (2007, June). Relationship of Parents Education Level with Children's Healthy Lifestyle Educational Horizon. Journal of Education, XXVI(2), 3.
Papaioannou, A. (1998). Goal Perspectives, Reasons for Being Disciplined, and Self-Reported Discipline in Physical Education Lessons. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17(4), 421–441. doi:10.1123/jtpe.17.4.421
Pritchard, C., & Williams, R. (2011). Poverty and child (0–14 years) mortality in the USA and other Western countries as an indicator of “how well a country meets the needs of its children” (UNICEF). International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 23(3), 251-255. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh.2011.052
Priyatno, D. (2016). Learn data analysis tools and how to process them with SPSS practical and easy to understand for beginner and intermediate levels. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Rachmawati, E. R. (2019). The effect of parenting patterns and birt order towards the independent social behavior of kindergarten children in gugus anggrek, East Banjarmasin district. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(2), 139-148.
Restiani, S. (2017). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Demokratis dengan Kemandirian Anak di Kelompok A PAUD IT Bina Iman Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara . Jurnal Potensia,2(1), 23-32.
Rusmiati, A. W. (2019). Developing Independence Value Value in Early Childhood. Journal of K6, Edukation, and Management,2(2), 149-158.
Sabaruddin, & Mansur, R. (2018). Parents Involvement in Improving Character of Children Through Mathematics Learning. The International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 41-50. doi:10.26811/peuradeun.v6i1.178
Sipiana S, S. A. (2019). The Management Implementation of Character Value at Junior High School. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(3), 204-210.
Sumargo, E., Soedjarwo, & Roesminingsih, E. (2019). Parenting as Character Education Model. 3rd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2019). 387, pp. 274-277. Surabaya: Atlantis Press.
Suriansyah, A., & Aslamiah. (2015). Leadership Strategies of School Principals, Teacher, Parents and The Community in Shaping The Character of Students. Cakrawala Pendidikan Scientific Journal of Education, 25(1), 234-247.
Suryadi, G. (2013). Implementasi Web Service Untuk Mobile Commerce . Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi Universitas Tarumanegara, 73-78.
Suskandeni, W. I. (2018). hubungan pola asuh orangtua terhadap kemandirian anak usia pra sekolah di TK Negeri Lombok Barat. Penguatan Keluarga di Jaman Now, 103-114.
Suyadi. (2013). Character education learning strategies. Bandung: PT Youth Rosdakarya Offset.
Syahril, & Hadiyanto. (2018). Improving school climate for better quality educational management. Journal of Educational and Learning Studies, 1(1), 16-22. doi:10.32698/0182
Wiyani, N. A. (2019). Implementation of character-based central learning program in Kindergarten al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah Purwokerto. International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education (IJEIECE), 1(2), 79-93. doi:10.31098/ijeiece.v1i2.26
Alpiyanto, Hamda, S., & Dalle, J. (2012). The role of the teacher in the shaping of the character of students through local visitation. Proceeding TING IV (pp. 655-664). Banjarmasin: Islamic State University Antasari.
Amaluddin, Das, S. W. H., & Nasir, S. (2018). Character Education Early Childhood: Brain-Based Teaching Approach. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119(18), 1229-1245.
Amollo, O. P., & Lilian, G. K. (2017). Teacher Position in Spurring Value-Based Education in Early Learning in Nairobi County, Kenya: Addressing Support of Values in School Environment. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(3), 194-203. doi:10.5539/jel.v6n3p194
Baumrind, D. (1997). The discipline encounter: Contemporary issues. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2(4), 321–335. doi:10.1016/s1359-1789(97)00018-9
Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V., & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 542–559. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002
Becker, E. S., Goetz, T., Morger, V., & Ranellucci, J. (2014). The importance of teachers’ emotions and instructional behavior for their students’ emotions – An experience sampling analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 15–26.
Borg, W., & Gall, M. (1983). Educational research: an introduction. 4th Edition. New York: Longman Inc.
Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(2), 140–165. doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.11.001
Cahyaningrum, S. P. (2017). Pengembangan Nilai-Nilai Karakter Anak Usia Dini Melaui Pembiasaan dan keteladanan. Jurnal Pendidikan, 203-213.
Charmila, W. E. (2019). The Effect of Parents of The Parents and The Position of Children With Family Strengths on Self-Assistance of TK Children in The Group of Bangkari Kelompok B Palangka Raya. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(1), 1-7.
Ching, G. S. (2012). Looking into the issues of rewards and punishment in students. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 1(2), 29-38. doi:10.5861/ijrsp.2012.v1i2.44
Daries, J., Engdahl, I., & Otieno, L. (2009). Early Childhood Education for sustainability: Recommendations for development. International Journal of Early Childhood, 41(2), 113-117. doi:10.1007/BF03168882
De Valk, H., & Crul, M. (2008). Education. In C. M. (Eds.), The Position of the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: The TIES Study in the Netherlands (pp. 63-86). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
Febriana, H. D. (2018). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dengan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di TPS Mutiara Hati di Desa Tegalarum Kecamatan Sempu Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 2(1), 26-28.
Firmin, M. W., & Castle, S. L. (2008). Early Childhood Discipline: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 17(1), 107–129. doi:10.1080/10656210801909715
Grusec, J. E., Danyliuk, T., Kil, H., & O’Neill, D. (2017). Perspectives on parent discipline and child outcomes. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(4), 465–471. doi:10.1177/0165025416681538
Hamid, D. (2013). Educational and Social Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Hasan, M. (2011). Early Childhood Education Programs. Jogjakarta: DIVA Press.
Hawley, P. H., & John Geldhof, G. (2012). Preschoolers’ social dominance, moral cognition, and moral behavior: An evolutionary perspective. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112(1), 18–35. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2011.10.004
Hazizah, N. (2018). The Importance of Playing for Developing Intelligence in Early Childhood. International Conference on Early Childhood Education (ICECE 2017), 169, 213-215.
Hsu, M.-H., Ju, T. L., Yen, C.-H., & Chang, C.-M. (2007). Knowledge sharing behavior in virtual communities: The relationship between trust, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65(2), 153-169. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.09.003
Hurlock, E. (1999). Psikologi Perkembangan: Suatu Pendekatan Sepanjang Rentang Kehidupan. Alih bahasa: Istiwidayati & Soedjarwo. Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Kiprop, C. J. (2012). Approaches to Management of discipline in secondary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Management, 2(2), 120-139.
Kostelnik, & et.al. (1999). Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum. Ohio: Merril an imprint of Prentice Hall.
Kulshrestha, A., & Pandey, K. (2013). Teachers Training and Professional Competencies. Voice of Research, 1(4), 29-33.
Kusumandari, B. R. (2013). Character education model for early childhood based on-learning and culture of Java. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 20-28.
Lemmer, E. M. (2007). Parent involvement in teacher education in South Africa. International Journal about Parents in Education, 1(0), 218-229.
Lizhu, Y., & Xiaoyan, Z. (2005). A study of the cross‐situational stability of three‐ to five‐year‐old children’s independence. International Journal of Early Years Education, 13(2), 171–178. doi:10.1080/09669760500171238
Machfiroh, D. S. (2019). Pembentukan karakter disiplin anak usia dini melalui metode pembiasaan di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 33 Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 54-67.
Mansur. (2009). Early childhood education in islam. Yogyakarta: Student Library.
Martin, L., Sontag-Padilla, L., Cannon, J., Chandra, A., Auger, A., Kase, C., et al. (2014). Social and emotional development in the home. In off to a good start: social and emotional development of memphis’ children (pp. 25-32). Santa Monica, Calif: RAND Corporation.
Masnipal. (2012). Ready to become a teacher and profesional PAUD management. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Millei, Z. (2011). Thinking differently about guidance: Power, children’s autonomy and democratic environments. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 10(1), 88–99. doi:10.1177/1476718x11406243
Novitawati, W. A. (2017). Developing Early Childhood Ability in Understanding Rules Using Combination of Role-Playing Model and Question-Answer Method Through Medium Of Traffic. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 1(1), 11-18.
Octarra, H. S., & Hendriati, A. (2017). Old, borrowed, and renewed”: A review of early childhood education policy in post-Reform Indonesia. Policy Futures in Education, 16(1), 80-91. doi:10.1177/1478210317736207
Pala, A. (2011). The Need for Character Education. International Journal of Social Sciences And Humanity Studies, 3(2), 23-32.
Palupi, S. (2007, June). Relationship of Parents Education Level with Children's Healthy Lifestyle Educational Horizon. Journal of Education, XXVI(2), 3.
Papaioannou, A. (1998). Goal Perspectives, Reasons for Being Disciplined, and Self-Reported Discipline in Physical Education Lessons. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17(4), 421–441. doi:10.1123/jtpe.17.4.421
Pritchard, C., & Williams, R. (2011). Poverty and child (0–14 years) mortality in the USA and other Western countries as an indicator of “how well a country meets the needs of its children” (UNICEF). International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 23(3), 251-255. doi:https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh.2011.052
Priyatno, D. (2016). Learn data analysis tools and how to process them with SPSS practical and easy to understand for beginner and intermediate levels. Yogyakarta: Gava Media.
Rachmawati, E. R. (2019). The effect of parenting patterns and birt order towards the independent social behavior of kindergarten children in gugus anggrek, East Banjarmasin district. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(2), 139-148.
Restiani, S. (2017). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Demokratis dengan Kemandirian Anak di Kelompok A PAUD IT Bina Iman Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara . Jurnal Potensia,2(1), 23-32.
Rusmiati, A. W. (2019). Developing Independence Value Value in Early Childhood. Journal of K6, Edukation, and Management,2(2), 149-158.
Sabaruddin, & Mansur, R. (2018). Parents Involvement in Improving Character of Children Through Mathematics Learning. The International Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 41-50. doi:10.26811/peuradeun.v6i1.178
Sipiana S, S. A. (2019). The Management Implementation of Character Value at Junior High School. Journal of K6, Education, and Management, 2(3), 204-210.
Sumargo, E., Soedjarwo, & Roesminingsih, E. (2019). Parenting as Character Education Model. 3rd International Conference on Education Innovation (ICEI 2019). 387, pp. 274-277. Surabaya: Atlantis Press.
Suriansyah, A., & Aslamiah. (2015). Leadership Strategies of School Principals, Teacher, Parents and The Community in Shaping The Character of Students. Cakrawala Pendidikan Scientific Journal of Education, 25(1), 234-247.
Suryadi, G. (2013). Implementasi Web Service Untuk Mobile Commerce . Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi Universitas Tarumanegara, 73-78.
Suskandeni, W. I. (2018). hubungan pola asuh orangtua terhadap kemandirian anak usia pra sekolah di TK Negeri Lombok Barat. Penguatan Keluarga di Jaman Now, 103-114.
Suyadi. (2013). Character education learning strategies. Bandung: PT Youth Rosdakarya Offset.
Syahril, & Hadiyanto. (2018). Improving school climate for better quality educational management. Journal of Educational and Learning Studies, 1(1), 16-22. doi:10.32698/0182
Wiyani, N. A. (2019). Implementation of character-based central learning program in Kindergarten al-Irsyad al-Islamiyyah Purwokerto. International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education (IJEIECE), 1(2), 79-93. doi:10.31098/ijeiece.v1i2.26